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  • leetcode

    • LeetCode题解
    • leetcode1 两数之和[简单难度]
    • leetcode2 Add Two Numbers
    • leetcode3 Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters
    • leetcode4 寻找两个正序数组的中位数[困难难度]
    • leetcode5 Longest Palindromic Substring
    • leetcode6 ZigZag Conversion
    • leetcode7 Reverse Integer
    • leetcode8 String to Integer (atoi)
    • leetcode9 Palindrome Number
    • leetcode10 Regular Expression Matching
    • leetcode11-盛最多水的容器[中等难度]
    • leetcode12 Integer to Roman
    • leetcode13 Roman to Integer
    • leetcode14 Longest Common Prefix
    • leetcode15 3Sum
    • leetcode16 3Sum Closest
    • leetcode17 Letter Combinations of a Phone Number
    • leetcode18 4Sum
    • leetcode19 Remove Nth Node From End of List
    • leetcode20 Valid Parentheses
    • leetcode21 Merge Two Sorted Lists
    • leetcode22 Generate Parentheses
    • leetcode23 Merge k Sorted Lists
    • leetcode24 Swap Nodes in Pairs
    • leetcode25 Reverse Nodes in k-Group
    • leetcode26 Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array
    • leetcode27 Remove Element
    • leetcode28 Implement strStr()
    • leetcode29 Divide Two Integers
    • leetcode30 Substring with Concatenation of All Words
    • leetcode31 Next Permutation
    • leetcode32 Longest Valid Parentheses
    • leetcode33 Search in Rotated Sorted Array
    • leetcode34 Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array
    • leetcode35 Search Insert Position
    • leetcode36 有效的数独[中等难度]
    • leetcode37 Sudoku Solver
    • leetcode38 外观数列(报数)【中等难度】
    • leetcode39 Combination Sum
    • leetcode40 Combination Sum II
    • leetcode41 First Missing Positive-zh
    • leetcode42 Trapping Rain Water-zh
    • leetcode43 Multiply Strings-zh
    • leetcode44 Wildcard Matching-zh
    • leetcode45 Jump Game II-zh
    • leetcode46 Permutations-zh
    • leetcode47 Permutations II-zh
    • leetcode48 Rotate Image-zh
    • leetcode49 Group Anagrams-zh
    • leetcode50 Pow(x, n)-zh
    • leetcode51 N-Queens-zh
    • leetcode52 N-Queens II-zh
    • leetcode53 Maximum Subarray-zh
    • leetcode54 Spiral Matrix-zh
    • leetcode55 Jump Game-zh
    • leetcode56 Merge Intervals-zh
    • leetcode57 Insert Interval-zh
    • leetcode58 Length of Last Word-zh
    • leetcode59 Spiral Matrix II-zh
    • leetcode60 Permutation Sequence-zh
    • leetcode61 Rotate List-zh
    • leetcode62 Unique Paths-zh
    • leetcode63 Unique Paths II-zh
    • leetcode64 Minimum Path Sum-zh
    • leetcode65 Valid Number-zh
    • leetcode66 Plus One-zh
    • leetcode67 Add Binary-zh
    • leetcode68 Text Justification-zh
    • leetcode69 Sqrt(x)-zh
    • leetcode70 Climbing Stairs-zh
    • leetcode71 Simplify Path-zh
    • leetcode72 Edit Distance-zh
    • leetcode73 Set Matrix Zeroes-zh
    • leetcode74 Search a 2D Matrix-zh
    • leetcode75 Sort Colors-zh
    • leetcode76 Minimum Window Substring-zh
    • leetcode77 Combinations-zh
    • leetcode78 Subsets-zh
    • leetcode79 Word Search-zh
    • leetcode80 Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array II-zh
    • leetcode81 Search in Rotated Sorted Array II-zh
    • leetcode82 Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II-zh
    • leetcode83 Remove Duplicates from Sorted List-zh
    • leetcode84 Largest Rectangle in Histogram-zh
    • leetcode85 Maximal Rectangle-zh
    • leetcode86 Partition List-zh
    • leetcode87 Scramble String-zh
    • leetcode88 Merge Sorted Array-zh
    • leetcode89 Gray Code-zh
    • leetcode90 Subsets II-zh
    • leetcode91 Decode Ways-zh
    • leetcode92 Reverse Linked List II-zh
    • leetcode93 Restore IP Addresses-zh
    • leetcode94 Binary Tree Inorder Traversal-zh
    • leetcode95 Unique Binary Search Trees II-zh
    • leetcode96 Unique Binary Search Trees-zh
    • leetcode97 Interleaving String-zh
    • leetcode98 Validate Binary Search Tree-zh
    • leetcode99 Recover Binary Search Tree-zh
    • leetcode100 Same Tree-zh
    • leetcode101 Symmetric Tree-zh
    • leetcode102 Binary Tree Level Order Traversal-zh
    • leetcode103 Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal-zh
    • leetcode104 Maximum Depth of Binary Tree-zh
    • leetcode105 Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal-zh
    • leetcode106 Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal-zh
    • leetcode107 Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II-zh
    • leetcode108 Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree-zh
    • leetcode109 Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree-zh
    • leetcode110 Balanced Binary Tree-zh
    • leetcode111 Minimum Depth of Binary Tree-zh
    • leetcode112 Path Sum-zh
    • leetcode113 Path Sum II-zh
    • leetcode114 Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List-zh
    • leetcode115 Distinct Subsequences-zh
    • leetcode116 Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node-zh
    • leetcode117 Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node II-zh
    • leetcode118 Pascal's Triangle-zh
    • leetcode119 Pascal's Triangle II-zh
    • leetcode120 Triangle-zh
    • leetcode121 Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock-zh
    • leetcode122 Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock II-zh
    • leetcode123 Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III-zh
    • leetcode124 Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum-zh
    • leetcode125 Valid Palindrome-zh
    • leetcode126 Word Ladder II-zh
    • leetcode127 Word Ladder-zh
    • leetcode128 Longest Consecutive Sequence-zh
    • leetcode129 Sum Root to Leaf Numbers-zh
    • leetcode130 Surrounded Regions-zh
    • leetcode131 Palindrome Partitioning-zh
    • leetcode132 Palindrome Partitioning II-zh
    • leetcode133 Clone Graph-zh
    • leetcode134 Gas Station-zh
    • leetcode135 Candy-zh
    • leetcode136 Single Number-zh
    • leetcode137 Single Number II-zh
    • leetcode138 Copy List with Random Pointer-zh
    • leetcode139 Word Break-zh
    • leetcode140 Word Break II-zh
    • leetcode141 Linked List Cycle-zh
    • leetcode142 Linked List Cycle II-zh
    • leetcode143 Reorder List-zh
    • leetcode144 Binary Tree Preorder Traversal-zh
    • leetcode145 Binary Tree Postorder Traversal-zh
    • leetcode146 Lru Cache-zh
    • leetcode147 Insertion Sort List-zh
    • leetcode148 Sort List-zh
    • leetcode149 Max Points on a Line-zh
    • leetcode150 Evaluate Reverse Polish Notation-zh
    • leetcode151 Reverse Words in a String-zh
    • leetcode152 Maximum Product Subarray-zh
    • leetcode153 Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array-zh
    • leetcode154 Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array II-zh
    • leetcode155 Min Stack-zh
    • leetcode156 Binary Tree Upside Down-zh
    • leetcode157 Read N Characters Given Read4-zh
    • leetcode158 Read N Characters Given Read4 II - Call multiple times-zh
    • leetcode159 Longest Substring with At Most Two Distinct Characters-zh
    • leetcode160 Intersection of Two Linked Lists-zh
    • leetcode161 One Edit Distance-zh
    • leetcode162 Find Peak Element-zh
    • leetcode163 Missing Ranges-zh
    • leetcode164 Maximum Gap-zh
    • leetcode165 Compare Version Numbers-zh
    • leetcode166 Fraction to Recurring Decimal-zh
    • leetcode167 Two Sum II - Input array is sorted-zh
    • leetcode168 Excel Sheet Column Title-zh
    • leetcode169 Majority Element-zh
    • leetcode170 Two Sum III - Data structure design-zh
    • leetcode171 Excel Sheet Column Number-zh
    • leetcode172 Factorial Trailing Zeroes-zh
    • leetcode173 Binary Search Tree Iterator-zh
    • leetcode174 Dungeon Game-zh
    • leetcode175 Combine Two Tables-zh
    • leetcode176 Second Highest Salary-zh
    • leetcode177 Nth Highest Salary-zh
    • leetcode178 Rank Scores-zh
    • leetcode179 Largest Number-zh
    • leetcode180 Consecutive Numbers-zh
    • leetcode181 Employees Earning More Than Their Managers-zh
    • leetcode182 Duplicate Emails-zh
    • leetcode183 Customers Who Never Order-zh
    • leetcode184 Department Highest Salary-zh
    • leetcode185 Department Top Three Salaries-zh
    • leetcode186 Reverse Words in a String II-zh
    • leetcode187 Repeated DNA Sequences-zh
    • leetcode188 Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock IV-zh
    • leetcode189 Rotate Array-zh
    • leetcode190 Reverse Bits-zh
    • leetcode191 Number of 1 Bits-zh
    • leetcode192 Word Frequency-zh
    • leetcode193 Valid Phone Numbers-zh
    • leetcode194 Transpose File-zh
    • leetcode195 Tenth Line-zh
    • leetcode196 Delete Duplicate Emails-zh
    • leetcode197 Rising Temperature-zh
    • leetcode198 House Robber-zh
    • leetcode199 Binary Tree Right Side View-zh
    • leetcode200 Number of Islands-zh
    • leetcode201 Bitwise AND of Numbers Range-zh
    • leetcode202 Happy Number-zh
    • leetcode203 Remove Linked List Elements-zh
    • leetcode204 Count Primes-zh
    • leetcode205 Isomorphic Strings-zh
    • leetcode206 Reverse Linked List-zh
    • leetcode207 Course Schedule-zh
    • leetcode208 Implement Trie (Prefix Tree)-zh
      • 题目描述
      • 解法
        • 1. 插入字符串
        • 2. 查找前缀
        • Python3
        • Java
        • JavaScript
        • ...
    • leetcode209 Minimum Size Subarray Sum-zh
    • leetcode210 Course Schedule II-zh
    • leetcode211 Design Add and Search Words Data Structure-zh
    • leetcode212 Word Search II-zh
    • leetcode213 House Robber II-zh
    • leetcode214 Shortest Palindrome-zh
    • leetcode215 Kth Largest Element in an Array-zh
    • leetcode216 Combination Sum III-zh
    • leetcode217 Contains Duplicate-zh
    • leetcode218 The Skyline Problem-zh
    • leetcode219 Contains Duplicate II-zh
    • leetcode220 Contains Duplicate III-zh
    • leetcode221 Maximal Square-zh
    • leetcode222 Count Complete Tree Nodes-zh
    • leetcode223 Rectangle Area-zh
    • leetcode224 Basic Calculator-zh
    • leetcode225 Implement Stack using Queues-zh
    • leetcode226 Invert Binary Tree-zh
    • leetcode227 Basic Calculator II-zh
    • leetcode228 Summary Ranges-zh
    • leetcode229 Majority Element II-zh
    • leetcode230 Kth Smallest Element in a BST-zh
    • leetcode231 Power of Two-zh
    • leetcode232 Implement Queue using Stacks-zh
    • leetcode233 Number of Digit One-zh
    • leetcode234 Palindrome Linked List-zh
    • leetcode235 Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree-zh
    • leetcode236 Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree-zh
    • leetcode237 Delete Node in a Linked List-zh
    • leetcode238 Product of Array Except Self-zh
    • leetcode239 Sliding Window Maximum-zh
    • leetcode240 Search a 2D Matrix II-zh
    • leetcode241 Different Ways to Add Parentheses-zh
    • leetcode242 Valid Anagram-zh
    • leetcode243 Shortest Word Distance-zh
    • leetcode244 Shortest Word Distance II-zh
    • leetcode245 Shortest Word Distance III-zh
    • leetcode246 Strobogrammatic Number-zh
    • leetcode247 Strobogrammatic Number II-zh
    • leetcode248 Strobogrammatic Number III-zh
    • leetcode249 Group Shifted Strings-zh
    • leetcode250 Count Univalue Subtrees-zh
    • leetcode251 Flatten 2D Vector-zh
    • leetcode252 Meeting Rooms-zh
    • leetcode253 Meeting Rooms II-zh
    • leetcode254 Factor Combinations-zh
    • leetcode255 Verify Preorder Sequence in Binary Search Tree-zh
    • leetcode256 Paint House-zh
    • leetcode257 Binary Tree Paths-zh
    • leetcode258 Add Digits-zh
    • leetcode259 3Sum Smaller-zh
    • leetcode260 Single Number III-zh
  • leetcode-p2

  • 算法
  • leetcode
geekzl.com
2021-07-19

leetcode208 Implement Trie (Prefix Tree)-zh

# 208. 实现 Trie (前缀树) (opens new window)

English Version (opens new window)

# 题目描述

Trie(发音类似 "try")或者说 前缀树 是一种树形数据结构,用于高效地存储和检索字符串数据集中的键。这一数据结构有相当多的应用情景,例如自动补完和拼写检查。

请你实现 Trie 类:

  • Trie() 初始化前缀树对象。
  • void insert(String word) 向前缀树中插入字符串 word 。
  • boolean search(String word) 如果字符串 word 在前缀树中,返回 true(即,在检索之前已经插入);否则,返回 false 。
  • boolean startsWith(String prefix) 如果之前已经插入的字符串 word 的前缀之一为 prefix ,返回 true ;否则,返回 false 。

示例:

输入
["Trie", "insert", "search", "search", "startsWith", "insert", "search"]
[[], ["apple"], ["apple"], ["app"], ["app"], ["app"], ["app"]]
输出
[null, null, true, false, true, null, true]

解释
Trie trie = new Trie();
trie.insert("apple");
trie.search("apple");   // 返回 True
trie.search("app");     // 返回 False
trie.startsWith("app"); // 返回 True
trie.insert("app");
trie.search("app");     // 返回 True

提示:

  • 1 <= word.length, prefix.length <= 2000
  • word 和 prefix 仅由小写英文字母组成
  • insert、search 和 startsWith 调用次数 总计 不超过 3 * 104 次

# 解法

前缀树每个节点包括两部分:

  1. 指向子节点的指针数组 children,对于本题而言,数组长度为 26,即小写英文字母的数量。children[0] 对应小写字母 a,...,children[25] 对应小写字母 z。
  2. 布尔字段 isEnd,表示该节点是否为字符串的结尾。

# 1. 插入字符串

我们从字典树的根开始,插入字符串。对于当前字符对应的子节点,有两种情况:

  • 子节点存在。沿着指针移动到子节点,继续处理下一个字符。
  • 子节点不存在。创建一个新的子节点,记录在 children 数组的对应位置上,然后沿着指针移动到子节点,继续搜索下一个字符。

重复以上步骤,直到处理字符串的最后一个字符,然后将当前节点标记为字符串的结尾。

# 2. 查找前缀

我们从字典树的根开始,查找前缀。对于当前字符对应的子节点,有两种情况:

  • 子节点存在。沿着指针移动到子节点,继续搜索下一个字符。
  • 子节点不存在。说明字典树中不包含该前缀,返回空指针。

重复以上步骤,直到返回空指针或搜索完前缀的最后一个字符。

若搜索到了前缀的末尾,就说明字典树中存在该前缀。此外,若前缀末尾对应节点的 isEnd 为真,则说明字典树中存在该字符串。

# Python3

class Trie:

    def __init__(self):
        """
        Initialize your data structure here.
        """
        self.children = [None] * 26
        self.is_end = False

    def insert(self, word: str) -> None:
        """
        Inserts a word into the trie.
        """
        node = self
        for c in word:
            index = ord(c) - ord("a")
            if node.children[index] is None:
                node.children[index] = Trie()
            node = node.children[index]
        node.is_end = True

    def search(self, word: str) -> bool:
        """
        Returns if the word is in the trie.
        """
        node = self._search_prefix(word)
        return node is not None and node.is_end

    def startsWith(self, prefix: str) -> bool:
        """
        Returns if there is any word in the trie that starts with the given prefix.
        """
        node = self._search_prefix(prefix)
        return node is not None

    def _search_prefix(self, prefix: str):
        node = self
        for c in prefix:
            index = ord(c) - ord("a")
            if node.children[index] is None:
                return None
            node = node.children[index]
        return node

# Your Trie object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = Trie()
# obj.insert(word)
# param_2 = obj.search(word)
# param_3 = obj.startsWith(prefix)
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# Java

class Trie {
    private Trie[] children;
    private boolean isEnd;

    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    public Trie() {
        children = new Trie[26];
        isEnd = false;
    }

    /** Inserts a word into the trie. */
    public void insert(String word) {
        Trie node = this;
        for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); ++i) {
            char c = word.charAt(i);
            int index = c - 'a';
            if (node.children[index] == null) {
                node.children[index] = new Trie();
            }
            node = node.children[index];
        }
        node.isEnd = true;
    }

    /** Returns if the word is in the trie. */
    public boolean search(String word) {
        Trie node = searchPrefix(word);
        return node != null && node.isEnd;
    }

    /** Returns if there is any word in the trie that starts with the given prefix. */
    public boolean startsWith(String prefix) {
        Trie node = searchPrefix(prefix);
        return node != null;
    }

    private Trie searchPrefix(String prefix) {
        Trie node = this;
        for (int i = 0; i < prefix.length(); ++i) {
            char c = prefix.charAt(i);
            int index = c - 'a';
            if (node.children[index] == null) {
                return null;
            }
            node = node.children[index];
        }
        return node;
    }
}

/**
 * Your Trie object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * Trie obj = new Trie();
 * obj.insert(word);
 * boolean param_2 = obj.search(word);
 * boolean param_3 = obj.startsWith(prefix);
 */
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# JavaScript

/**
 * Initialize your data structure here.
 */
var Trie = function() {
    this.children = {};
};

/**
 * Inserts a word into the trie. 
 * @param {string} word
 * @return {void}
 */
Trie.prototype.insert = function(word) {
    let node = this.children;
    for (let char of word) {
        if (!node[char]) {
            node[char] = {};
        }
        node = node[char];
    }
    node.isEnd = true;
};

/**
 * Returns if the word is in the trie. 
 * @param {string} word
 * @return {boolean}
 */
Trie.prototype.search = function(word) {
    let node = this.searchPrefix(word);
    return node != undefined && node.isEnd != undefined;
};

Trie.prototype.searchPrefix = function (prefix) {
    let node = this.children;
    for (let char of prefix) {
        if (!node[char]) return false;
        node = node[char];
    }
    return node;
}

/**
 * Returns if there is any word in the trie that starts with the given prefix. 
 * @param {string} prefix
 * @return {boolean}
 */
Trie.prototype.startsWith = function(prefix) {
    return this.searchPrefix(prefix);
};

/**
 * Your Trie object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * var obj = new Trie()
 * obj.insert(word)
 * var param_2 = obj.search(word)
 * var param_3 = obj.startsWith(prefix)
 */
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# ...


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#leetcode
上次更新: 2021/10/30, 12:58:38
leetcode207 Course Schedule-zh
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